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Analysis of clean waer supply in developing countries in the context of SDG framework
Kratochvíla, Patrik ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Palanská, Tereza (referee)
Since 1990, privatization of water and sanitation utilities has been promoted as a viable solution to their insufficient accessibility in developing countries, however its aftermath is disputed to this day. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the consequences and effectiveness of private-sector-supplied water and sanitation services in developing countries in the context of SDG. Using the panel data regression methods of fixed- effects and random-effects, the sample of 78 countries in the span of 29 years from 1990-2018 is analyzed to quantify the effect of private-sector and IMF (non-private) investment on expansion of water and sanitation coverage and the extent to which each of them helps diminish WASP mortality rate among the population. The results show that a) neither source of external financial aid significantly contributes to expansion of water coverage and decrease of mortality rate, and b) the degree of countries' economic development (measured by GDP per capita) is the most significant factor in the pursuit of water-related SDG.
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Fenomén scarcity a FoMo a jejich percepce generací Y
Bazala, Štěpán
Bazala, Š. Fenomén scarcity a FoMo a jejich percepce generací Y. Brno: Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2018. This bachelor's thesis includes the phenomenon of scarcity and FoMo marketing and their perception in generation Y. Through eye tracking and subsequent managed interviews, bachelor's thesis perceives selected marketing tools and their impact on consumer's final decision when they are shopping online. Based on the results identified by both of mentioned methods are given recommendations for the use of these tools in the development of marketing strategies in the internet environment for Y generation.
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Effects of poverty on impatience: preferences or inattention?
Bartoš, V. ; Bauer, Michal ; Chytilová, Julie ; Levely, I.
We study two psychological channels how poverty may increase impatient behavior – an effect\non time preference and reduced attention. We measured discount rates among Ugandan farmers\nwho made decisions about when to enjoy entertainment instead of working. We find that\nexperimentally induced thoughts about poverty-related problems increase the preference to\nconsume entertainment early and delay work. The effect is equivalent to a 27 p.p. increase in\nthe intertemporal rate of substitution. Using monitoring tools similar to eye tracking, a novel\nfeature for this subject pool, we show this effect is not due to a lower ability to sustain attention.
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Seasonal scarcity and sharing norms
Bartoš, Vojtěch
Sharing provides one of few sources of insurance in poor communities. It gains prominence\nduring adverse shocks, often largely aggregate, when it is also costliest for individuals to share. Yet it is little understood how scarcity affects individual willingness to share and willingness to enforce sharing from others, an important ingredient in sustaining prosocial behavior. This is what this paper examines. I conduct repeated within-subject lab-in-the-field experiments among Afghan subsistence farmers during a lean and a postharvest season of relative plenty. These farmers experience seasonal scarcities annually. Using dictator and third party punishment games I separate individual sharing behavior from enforcement of sharing norms. While sharing exhibits high degree of temporal stability at both the aggregate, and, to a large extent, at the individual level, the enforcement of sharing norms is substantially weaker during the lean season. The findings suggest that the farmers are capable of sustaining mutual sharing through transitory periods of scarcity. It remains an open question whether exposure to unexpected shocks or prolonged periods of scarcity might result in breakdown of prosociality due to loosened sharing norms enforcement on a community level.
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